Ayatollah Khamenei's iron grip on power in Iran
Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has been killed on the first day of a massive US and Israeli air strikes on the country, US President Donald Trump has announced.
Iran has not confirmed the death of the 86-year-old ruler of the past three decades - one of the longest in the world.
Iran has had only two supreme leaders since the 1979 Islamic Revolution.
It's an all-powerful office - the supreme leader is head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, including the elite Revolutionary Guards.
Khamenei is not quite a dictator, positioned in the middle of a complex web of competing power centres, able to veto any matter of public policy and hand pick candidates for public office.
Young Iranians have never experienced life without him in charge.
State television has covered Khamenei's every move. His image is plastered on billboards in public spaces and his photograph is ubiquitous in shops.
Abroad, successive Iranian presidents have often hogged the limelight. But, at home, it was Khamenei who pulled the strings.
His death, if confirmed and in such violent circumstances, heralds a new and uncertain future, both in Iran and the wider region.
Ali Khamenei was born in the city of Mashhad, in north-eastern Iran, in 1939.
The second of eight children in a religious family, his father was a mid-ranking cleric from the Shia branch of Islam, the dominant sect in Iran.
Khamenei would later romanticise his “poor but pious” childhood, saying he frequently ate nothing but “bread and raisins".
His education was dominated by the study of the Quran, and he qualified as a cleric by the age of 11. But, in common with many religious leaders of the time, his work was as much political as spiritual.
An effective orator, Khamenei joined the critics of the Shah of Iran: the monarch who was eventually overthrown by the Islamic revolution.
For years, he lived underground or festered in jail. He was arrested six times by the Shah's secret police, suffering torture and internal exile.
After the Islamic revolution, its leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini appointed him Friday prayer leader of the capital, Tehran.
Every week, his political sermons were broadcast throughout the country. It firmly established Khamenei as part of the new leadership of the country.
In the tumultuous first months after the revolution, a group of militant university students loyal to Khomeini occupied the US embassy. Dozens of diplomats and embassy staff were taken hostage.
Iran's revolutionary leaders - including Khamenei - supported the students, who were protesting against America's decision to give sanctuary to the deposed Shah.
The hostage-taking lasted for 444 days.
It helped destroy the Carter administration in the United States and set Iran on the anti-American and anti-Western path that came to define the revolution.
The episode also marked the beginning of decades of international isolation for Iran.
Shortly after the crisis, Khamenei was fortunate to survive an assassination attempt.
In June 1981, a dissident group hid a bomb inside a tape recorder. It exploded as he delivered a lecture.
He was badly injured. His lungs took months to recover, and he permanently lost the use of his right arm.
Later that year, President Mohammad-Ali Rajai was assassinated and Khamenei stood in the ensuing election to succeed him in the largely ceremonial role.
With Khomeini controlling who had the right to stand, the outcome was never in doubt. Khamenei won with 97% of the vote.
His inaugural address set the tone for his presidency, with him condemning “deviation, liberalism, and American-influenced leftists".
In office, Khamenei became a wartime leader.
Months earlier, the country's neighbour, Iraq, had invaded. Saddam Hussein, Iraq's president, feared that Khomeini's Islamic revolution would spread abroad and undermine his own regime.
It was a vicious and bloody war that lasted for eight years, with hundreds of thousands of deaths on both sides.
Khamenei spent months at a time on the front lines, where many of the commanders and soldiers he met and knew were killed.
The Iraqi army used chemical weapons against border villages in Iran and bombarded far-flung cities, including the capital, Tehran, with missiles.
Iran, for its part, relied on human waves to break Iraqi lines, made up of devout youngsters, some barely of fighting age. There were huge casualties.
The war solidified Khamenei's deep distrust of the US and the West - which had backed Saddam Hussein's invasion.
In 1989, Khamenei was selected by the Assembly of Experts, a council of clerics, as the successor to Khomeini, who had died at the age of 86.
The new supreme leader was chosen despite what was seen as a weak record of achievement in religious scholarship.
"I am an individual with many faults and shortcomings and truly a minor seminarian," he admitted in his first speech in office.
"However, a responsibility has been placed on my shoulders and I will use all my capabilities and all my faith in the almighty in order to be able to bear this heavy responsibility."
